Internal-combustion engine



March 26, 1929. F. POKORNY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE vFiled March 24, 1926 Patented Mar. 26, 1929..

UNITED STATES,

PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK POKOBN-Y, OF MAMAIRONECK, NEW YORK.

' m'rnniuncomrnusrxon ENGINE.

Application med March 24; 192s. Serial in. 96,915.

'15 is running under a partly open throttle, be-- cause when the throttle is more widely open the more free filling of the cylinders with gaseous mixture high a vacuum.

But-with the establishment of a high vacuum in the intake manifold under a strangled intake I have found it desirable to set up a proportionate. degreeof back pressure in the exhaust manifold to thereby neutralize the 25 otherwise existant tendency to induce an indraught of lubricant under reduced cylinder pressures. L Q C I v "A greater amount of lubricating oil is drawn past the rings at light load and idling than at heavier load or when the motor is put under a strain. This is due to the high vacuumin theinlet manifold and insuificient heatand back pressure in the exhaust manifold. The oil gradually accumulates in the cylinder and'then is thrown against the spark plugs and works down the exhaust valve stems and guides. Then when the motor is put under load the oil only partly burns and forms carbon'on the plugs and the upper part of the valve stems, while the lower part gradually gums up. The oil when heatedlbecomes gummy because its lighter part burns and the thicker part remains forming a gum that prevents the valve from closing properly, also spoiling the valve seat, by allowing the hot gases to escape before the proper time. By

means of my invention all the oil is burnt from the plugs and valve stems at each power stroke by creating back pressure in the exhaust manifold at light load and idling so as to retain some of the burnt gases to partially fill the cylinder and supply heat for vaporizing a succeeding charge.

Another object sought and achieved by me prevents the'creation of so through the creation of back pressure in the exhaustmanifold when the engine is idling or under light load, is that of thereby insuring an. oven temperature as well as any even pressure throughout the cylinders so that the distribution of gaseous-mixture, to

the different cylinders may be uniform and tion with regular pulsations.

Also, by the same back pressure means, functioning when the engine is operating at idling speed and-under light loads, the back pressure increasing with the speeding up of the R. P1,.M. thereby the strength of the vacuum '-is kept down" and prevented from drawing from the nozzle an excess of fuel which otherwise would result in the creation of too rich a mixture.

Stillyfurther the back pressure provision under idling and light load conditions prevents the escape of unexploded gaseous charges and causes them to be burnt in the" exhaust muflier by succeeding explosions.

. the engine, in consequence is enabled to funclVith the foregoing objects andradvantages in view my invention consists in the provision of a valve mounted in the exhaust manifold and of operation means for said valve, controlled by the vacuum in the intake manifold, to regulate the exhaust passage and thereby setup a degree of back pressure proportionate to the height of the vacuum, to this under all conditions of engine operation prevent the induction of lubricating oil into the cylinders.

The controlling means devised by me comprises a passage connecting the intake manifold with a small cylinder in which is placed a spring held plunger carrying a rod which is linked to the valve in the exhaust manifold, in order that as the plunger responds to the suction ull exerted by the vacuum in the intake manlfold the exhaust passage may be correspondingly restricted.

Also my invention comprehends the employment of means connecting the movements of the plunger and the throttle so that each may be influenced by the other.

Other features and advantages of my invention will hereinafter appear.

In the drawing there appear in side elevation, partly broken away, portions of the intake and exhaust manifolds of an internal showing of the back pressure valve in the exhaust manifold, the controlling device (in side section) and its connection with the intake manifold.

As representing an internal combustion engine equipped with my improvement I have shown at 1 a portion of an intake manifold and at 2 a portion of an exhaust manifold. Also at 3, I have shown the intake throttle in the passageway 4 leading to the intake manifold, and in the exhaust manifold I have indicated at 5 the exhaust throttle.

A cylinder 6 containing a spring held plunger head 7, is here shown for example as connected by means of a ball and socket joint 8 extended between the cylinder head 9 and aboss 10 projected from the intake manifold. Obviously other means of connection can be employed, but the ball and socket joint is desirable because the plunger rod 11, which -works through a stuifing box an end closure device 12 for the cylinder 6, plvotally engages,

as by an extension 13, with a link 14 that is fast upon the exhaust-valve spindle 15, A spring '16 within the cylinder 6 normally presses the plunger toward the head 9, and in that spring pressed position of the plunger the exhaust throttle is in its wide open position. J

As means for moving the plunger 7 outwardly, against the tension of spring 16, to

thereby, through rod 11 andlink 14 turnthe exhaust valve .5 toward its closed position, I

connect the cylinder 6 with the intake manifold by. a pipe 17, this pipe preferably being of flexible character so that it may yield in the swaying motion ac'corded cylinder 6 in, the swing of link 14. Pipe 17 is shown as communicating with the intake manifold by connecting means 18, and with the cylinder 6 by connecting means 19 attached to head 12'. A passageway 20 inhea'd 12 leads from the cylinder interior to the connecting means 19,

' this passageway being controlled by a. needle valve 21 to regulate its operative area.

' Also the cylinder head 9 is provided with a relief passageway 22, controlled by a needle valve 23, for regulation thereof, and a ball valve 24 is disposed in a recess 25 provided.

therefor in head 9 between passageway 22 and the cylinder interior. v v

This relief passageway is provided to permit return of-plunger 7, under the tension of spring 16, as the vacuum pull diminishes, and

' also, as is obvious, the opening to atmosphere swings the exhaust valve 5 toward its closed position. Thus a degree of back pressure isestablished in the exhaust manifold which retains a part of the burnt gases in the cylinders and tends to diminsh the vacuum in the intake manifold and cylinders.

Since the control of the exhaust valve is variable in accordance with the strength of the vacuum as communicated to cylinder 6 and is therefore an automatic function of the engine operation, it is evident that a balanced vacuum is maintainedof insuflicient strength to draw excess of lubricating oil into, the cylinders. I For, as the intake throttle is opened more widely, to permit the intake of fuel mixture in larger volume the consequent filling of the intake manifold and cylinders more nearly satisfies the vacuum therein, so that no tendency remains to draw in lubricating oil.

Located in fixed relation to the exhaust manifold isa stop 26 and extended from the link 14 are two lugs 27 28, provided respectively with adjustment screws 29, 30, adapted respectively to engage said stop, at opposite sides thereof, to limit the movement of the exhaust throttle between its fullopen position and a position of partial closure, so that at no time can said exhaust throttle be completely closed.

Also my invention includes a connection between the link 14 and the throttle lever 31 to provide means whereby the exhaust throttle may be moved from its partially closed position to its wide open position in the act of opening the intake throttle. Thus a. bar 32 has pivotalconnection with link 5 and carries a slide 33 that is in pivotal engagcment with the intake throttle lever 31. A stop 34 upon bar 32 limits the movement of slide 33 in one direction. The stop 34 is so spaced from slide 33 when the exhaust throttle is wide open and the intake throttle closed or nearly closed that the exhaust throttle must swing through the are of its closing movement before the stop 34 comes into operative relation with the'slide 33 on lever 31the intake throttle then being closed. Thus, while the act of closing the intake throttle has no direct effect upon the exhaust throttle, yet the act of opening the intake throttle has'the effect of also opening the exhaust throttle.

Preferably with both throttles closed a space representing three quarters of the intake throttle opening movement separates the slide 33 from stop 34, so that the intake throttle can be opened three quarters wide without communicating opening movement to the exhaust throttle, but during its last quarter opening to full open position, the slide and stop then contacting, the bar 32 pulls the exhaust 'throttle wide open. This positive or manual means of opening the exhaust throttle may be desirable in case it fails the foregoing disclosure.

to respond quickly enough under the influence of spring 16.

Variations within the spirit and scope of my invention are equally comprehended by I claim:

1. The combination with an internal combustion enginehaving an intakemanifold, an exhaust manifold provided with a single exit passage and-exhaust control means located in between said intake manifold and controlmeans for theoperation of the latter by the Vacuum created in the intake manifold.

3. The combination, with an internal combustion engine, having an intake manifold,

an exhaust manifold provided with a single exit passage and exhaust control means located in said exit passage, of a cylinder havmg relief means, a plunger 1n said cylinder, a

spring to press said plunger in one direction,

bustion engine, having an intake manifold, an exhaust manifold provided with a single exlt passage and exhaust control means located in said exit passage, of a cylinder having relief means, a plunger in said cylinder, a

spring to press said plunger in one direction, means connecting said plunger and throttle,

and passage means connecting said cylinder with said intake manifold, whereby the vacuum created in said intake manifold will move said plunger against the tension of said spring, to thereby control said throttle, and regulating means for said passage means.

5. Thecombi'nation, with .an internal combustion engine, having an intake manifold, an exhaust manifold provided with a single exit passage and exhaust control means located in said exit passage, of a cylinder having regulable relief means, a plunger in said cylinder, a spring to press said plunger in one direction, means connecting said plunger and throttle, and passage means connecting said cylinder with said intake manifold, whereby the vacuum created in said intake manifold will move said plunger against the tension of said spring, to thereby control said throttle.

6. The combination, with an internal combustion engine, having an intake manifold, a throttle therefor, an exhaust manifold, a throttle therefor, and means influenced by the vacuum created in said intake manifold, when the engine is operating under idling or light load conditions, for actuating said exhaust throttle, of connecting means between said throttles operating to open the exhaust throt tle during the last portion of the opening movement of the intake throttle.

Executed this 22nd day of March, 1926.

FRANK POKORNY. 

